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KMID : 1134220160360010065
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Hanyang Medical Reviews
2016 Volume.36 No. 1 p.65 ~ p.71
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Brain Stimulation and Modulation for Autism Spectrum Disorder
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:Kim Tae
:Ryu Ji-Eun/:Bahn Geon-Ho
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Abstract
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of conditions including impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Pharmacological treatments can improve some symptoms of ASD, but the effect is limited and there is a huge unmet demand for successful interventions of ASD. Brain stimulation and modulation are emerging treatment options for ASD: electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in ASD, vagal nerve stimulation for comorbid epilepsy and ASD, and deep brain stimulation for serious self-injurious behavior. Therapeutic tools are evolving to mechanism-driven treatment. Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance alters the brain mechanism of information processing and behavioral regulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can stabilize aberrant neuroplasticity by improving E/I balance. These brain stimulation and modulation methods are expected to be used for exploration of the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD and might facilitate the development of a mechanism-driven solution of core domains of ASD in the future.
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KEYWORD
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Electroconvulsive Therapy, Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Optogenetics
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